The Book of PF, 2nd edition, update 01 In OpenBSD 4.9, wpa-psk(8) was replaced by wpakey option to ifconfig(8) Pages 47 and 52: In OpenBSD 4.9, the WPA key functionality previously handled by the wpa-psk(8) utility was merged into ifconfig(8), and the configuration syntax was simplified accordingly. The hostname.if line for a WPA access point configuration in the OpenBSD 4.9 style on page 47 becomes: up media autoselect mediaopt hostap mode 11g chan 1 nwid unwiredbsd \ wpakey 0x1deadbeef9 The examples involving wpa-psk(8) on page 47 are no longer needed on OpenBSD 4.9 and newer, and the wpa-psk program was removed from the OpenBSD base system before the 4.9 release. The hostname.if line for an OpenBSD 4.9 WPA client on page 52 becomes: up media autoselect mode 11g chan 1 nwid unwiredbsd wpakey 0x1deadbeef9 followed by dhcp (for ipv4 networks) or rtsol (for ipv6 networks), or both for dual-stack configurations.